claude-os/src/syscall.c

/**
 * @file syscall.c
 * @brief System call handler implementation.
 *
 * Dispatches INT 0x80 system calls to the appropriate kernel function.
 * System call number is in EAX, arguments in EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, EDI.
 * Return value is placed in EAX.
 */

#include "syscall.h"
#include "process.h"
#include "port_io.h"
#include "vga.h"
#include <stddef.h>

/** Magic return value indicating the syscall blocked and switched processes.
 *  syscall_handler must NOT overwrite regs->eax in this case. */
#define SYSCALL_SWITCHED 0x7FFFFFFF

/* Debug print helpers defined in kernel.c */
extern void offset_print(const char *str);
extern void print_hex(uint32_t val);

/** IDT gate setup (from idt.c) */
extern void set_idt_gate_from_c(uint8_t num, uint32_t base, uint16_t sel, uint8_t flags);

/** INT 0x80 assembly stub */
extern void isr128(void);

/**
 * Handle SYS_EXIT: terminate the current process.
 */
static int32_t sys_exit(registers_t *regs) {
    process_exit((int32_t)regs->ebx);
    /* Never returns */
    return 0;
}

/**
 * Handle SYS_WRITE: write bytes to a file descriptor.
 * Currently only supports fd=1 (stdout) -> debug port + VGA.
 */
static int32_t sys_write(registers_t *regs) {
    int fd = (int)regs->ebx;
    const char *buf = (const char *)regs->ecx;
    uint32_t len = regs->edx;

    if (fd == 1 || fd == 2) {
        /* stdout or stderr: write to debug port and VGA */
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            outb(0xE9, buf[i]);
            vga_putchar(buf[i]);
        }
        return (int32_t)len;
    }

    return -1; /* Invalid fd */
}

/**
 * Handle SYS_READ: read bytes from a file descriptor.
 * Stub for now.
 */
static int32_t sys_read(registers_t *regs) {
    (void)regs;
    return -1; /* Not implemented */
}

/**
 * Handle SYS_FORK: fork the current process.
 */
static int32_t sys_fork(registers_t *regs) {
    return process_fork(regs);
}

/**
 * Handle SYS_GETPID: return the current process ID.
 */
static int32_t sys_getpid(registers_t *regs) {
    (void)regs;
    process_t *cur = process_current();
    return cur ? (int32_t)cur->pid : -1;
}

/**
 * Handle SYS_YIELD: voluntarily yield the CPU.
 */
static int32_t sys_yield(registers_t *regs) {
    (void)regs;
    schedule();
    return 0;
}

/**
 * Handle SYS_WAITPID: wait for a child to exit.
 *
 * If the child is already a zombie, reaps immediately and returns the code.
 * Otherwise, blocks the current process and switches to the next one.
 * When the child exits, process_exit() will unblock the waiting parent
 * and set its saved_regs.eax to the exit code.
 */
static int32_t sys_waitpid(registers_t *regs) {
    uint32_t pid = regs->ebx;
    process_t *child = process_get(pid);
    if (!child) {
        return -1;
    }

    /* If child already exited, reap immediately */
    if (child->state == PROCESS_ZOMBIE) {
        int32_t code = child->exit_code;
        child->state = PROCESS_UNUSED;
        return code;
    }

    /* Block the current process until the child exits */
    process_t *cur = process_current();
    cur->state = PROCESS_BLOCKED;
    cur->waiting_for_pid = pid;

    /* Save the current syscall registers so we resume here when unblocked.
     * The return value (eax) will be set by process_exit when the child dies. */
    cur->saved_regs = *regs;

    /* Schedule the next process. This modifies *regs to the next process's
     * saved state, so when the ISR stub does iret, it enters the next process. */
    schedule_tick(regs);

    /* Tell syscall_handler not to overwrite regs->eax, since regs now
     * points to the next process's registers on the kernel stack. */
    return SYSCALL_SWITCHED;
}

/**
 * Handle SYS_EXEC: placeholder.
 */
static int32_t sys_exec(registers_t *regs) {
    (void)regs;
    return -1; /* Not implemented yet */
}

/** System call dispatch table. */
typedef int32_t (*syscall_fn)(registers_t *);
static syscall_fn syscall_table[NUM_SYSCALLS] = {
    [SYS_EXIT]    = sys_exit,
    [SYS_WRITE]   = sys_write,
    [SYS_READ]    = sys_read,
    [SYS_FORK]    = sys_fork,
    [SYS_GETPID]  = sys_getpid,
    [SYS_YIELD]   = sys_yield,
    [SYS_WAITPID] = sys_waitpid,
    [SYS_EXEC]    = sys_exec,
};

void syscall_handler(registers_t *regs) {
    uint32_t num = regs->eax;

    if (num >= NUM_SYSCALLS || !syscall_table[num]) {
        offset_print("  SYSCALL: invalid syscall ");
        print_hex(num);
        regs->eax = (uint32_t)-1;
        return;
    }

    int32_t ret = syscall_table[num](regs);
    if (ret != SYSCALL_SWITCHED) {
        regs->eax = (uint32_t)ret;
    }
}

void init_syscalls(void) {
    /* Install INT 0x80 as a user-callable interrupt gate.
     * Flags: 0xEE = Present(1) DPL(11) 0 Type(1110) = 32-bit Interrupt Gate, Ring 3 callable */
    set_idt_gate_from_c(0x80, (uint32_t)isr128, 0x08, 0xEE);
    offset_print("  SYSCALL: INT 0x80 installed\n");
}