- Created two-level x86 paging (page directory + page tables) with 4 KiB pages.
- Identity maps all detected physical memory in two phases:
1) Static: first 16 MiB using 4 BSS-allocated page tables (avoids
chicken-and-egg with PMM bitmap in BSS).
2) Dynamic: memory above 16 MiB using PMM-allocated page tables,
created before paging is enabled so physical addresses still work.
- Provides kernel heap at 0xD0000000–0xF0000000 for virtual page allocation.
- API: paging_map_page, paging_unmap_page, paging_alloc_page, paging_free_page,
paging_get_physical.
- Added pmm_get_memory_size() to expose detected RAM for paging init.
- Kernel tests paging by allocating a virtual page, writing 0xDEADBEEF, and
reading it back, then freeing it.
- Added documentation in docs/paging.md.
Tested: boots and passes paging test with both 4 MiB and 128 MiB RAM in QEMU.
- Changed grub.cfg from 'multiboot' to 'multiboot2' command. The PMM parses
Multiboot2 tag structures, but GRUB was booting with Multiboot1 protocol,
causing the memory map parsing to silently fail (all memory stayed marked
as used, leading to OOM on every allocation).
- Fixed BITMAP_SIZE calculation to properly round up instead of truncating,
ensuring the last few pages of the address space are covered.
- Fixed sign comparison warning in bitmap init loop.
- Added debug output to PMM init (mem_upper, region count) for diagnostics.
- Removed stale Multiboot1 magic constant and (void)addr cast from kernel.c.
- Added documentation for the interrupt subsystem and PMM in docs/.
- Checked off 'Implement a PIC handler' and 'Create a physical memory
allocator' in the task list.
Tested: kernel boots in QEMU with both 4MB and 128MB RAM, PMM correctly
allocates from NORMAL zone (0x01000000) and DMA zone (0x00001000).
- Added bitmap-based physical memory manager (PMM) that parses the Multiboot2
memory map to discover available RAM regions.
- Supports two allocation zones: PMM_ZONE_DMA (below 16MB) and PMM_ZONE_NORMAL
(above 16MB), with automatic fallback from NORMAL to DMA when the preferred
zone is exhausted.
- Marks kernel memory region and multiboot info structure as reserved using
_kernel_start/_kernel_end linker symbols.
- Page 0 is always marked as used to prevent returning NULL as a valid address.
- Added linker script symbols (_kernel_start, _kernel_end) to track kernel
memory boundaries for the allocator.
- Kernel now initializes PMM after PIC and performs test allocations to verify
the subsystem works.
- Reworked IDT initialization to register all 32 CPU exception handlers (ISR 0-31)
and 16 hardware interrupt handlers (IRQ 0-15, mapped to IDT entries 32-47).
- Created assembly stubs in interrupts.S using macros for ISRs with and without
error codes, plus IRQ stubs. All route through a common stub that saves
registers, loads kernel data segment, and calls the C handler.
- Added isr.c with a unified interrupt dispatcher that handles both exceptions
(halts on fault) and hardware IRQs (sends EOI via PIC).
- Implemented PIC (8259) driver in pic.c with full initialization sequence that
remaps IRQ 0-7 to IDT 32-39 and IRQ 8-15 to IDT 40-47. Includes mask/unmask
and EOI support.
- Extracted port I/O primitives (inb, outb, io_wait) into port_io.h header for
reuse across drivers.
- Kernel now initializes PIC after IDT and enables interrupts with STI.
This commit adds GDT initialization with proper code/data segments and reloads CS.
It also adds the initial IDT structure and loads an empty IDT.
Build configuration updated to disable SSE/MMX to prevent compiler generation of unsupported instructions in early boot.
